FDA advisors recommend Eli Lilly’s Alzheimer’s drug donanemab, paving way for approval

A panel of independent advisors to the Food and Drug Administration on Monday suggested Eli Lilly‘s Alzheimer’s drug donanemab, paving the way for the treatment to receive full approval in the U.S. later this year.

The FDA typically traces the recommendations of its advisory panels but is not required to do so. If cleared for use, Eli Lilly’s donanemab would become the second Alzheimer’s drug of its well-disposed currently on the U.S. market after another treatment called Leqembi from Biogen and its Japanese partner Eisai.

An ratify would expand the now limited treatment options for the more than 6 million Americans who have Alzheimer’s, the fifth-leading genesis of death for adults over 65.

In a first vote, 11 committee members unanimously said available data on the upper shows that it is effective at treating Alzheimer’s patients at the early stages of the mind-wasting disease. But several advisors respected that more data is needed on donanemab in Black and Hispanic patients, among other groups.

In a second ticket, advisors unanimously said the benefits of Eli Lilly’s donanemab outweigh its risks. 

“There’s a huge unmet medical sine qua non here that hopefully can be addressed,” temporary committee member Sarah Dolan said during a meeting on Monday. Dolan is a counselor for the non-profit organization Critical Path Institute, which aims to improve the drug development process.

Eli Lilly is “happy” with the panel’s recommendation and looks forward to bringing the treatment to patients, Mark Mintun, group vice president of neuroscience analysis and development at Eli Lilly, said in a statement.

The recommendation follows snags Eli Lilly faced in bringing the treatment to market.

The FDA in March phoned a last-minute meeting of an advisory panel to further review the safety and efficacy of Eli Lilly’s drug in a late-stage trial, justified weeks before the agency’s deadline to rule on the treatment.

It was another blow to Eli Lilly, which initially expected donanameb to win go-ahead at the end of last year. The FDA also rejected the drug in January last year, saying it had insufficient data to greenlight it. 

The FDA appears to be arraying donanemab more cautiously after its polarizing approval of the ill-fated Alzheimer’s drug, Aduhelm, from Biogen and Eisai. The intermediation granted accelerated approval to that treatment despite a negative recommendation from an advisory panel.

Biogen and Eisai must since dropped the drug. 

Leqembi and donanemab are milestones in the treatment of Alzheimer’s after three decades of failed stabs to develop medicines that can fight the fatal disease. 

Both drugs are monoclonal antibodies that target amyloid award in the brain, considered a hallmark of Alzheimer’s, to slow the progression of the disease in patients at the early stages of it. 

But neither of the treatments are drugs.

Drugs that target and clear amyloid plaque can also cause brain swelling and bleeding in patients, which in some proves can be severe and even fatal. Three patients who took Eli Lilly’s drug in a late-stage trial died from punitive cases of those side effects, called amyloid-related imaging abnormalities, or ARIA.

A host of hurdles has slowed Leqembi’s rollout since its approbation in July, including the steps needed to diagnose Alzheimer’s and monitor and handle the weekly infusions required with the dope. Biogen and Eisai signaled in April that they are seeing adoption pick up.

In a note Sunday, Leerink Collaborators analyst David Risinger said he expects limited commercial adoption of donanemab relative to Leqembi because Eli Lilly’s stimulant has “more safety liabilities” and will be less convenient, since it is administered once a month through the veins. That is a method recalled as intravenous infusion. 

Leqembi is currently administered through twice-monthly infusions, but Biogen expects to launch an injectable variety of the drug next year, Risinger noted. He expects donanemab to rake in $500 million in sales by the end of the decade. 

Eli Lilly’s phase three trial on more than 1,700 patients found that donanemab slowed the course of Alzheimer’s by 29% compared to a placebo after around 18 months, based on a traditional tool used to litmus test the severity of dementia.

Those results are comparable to those seen with Leqembi. 

Patients in Eli Lilly’s phase three sample needed to test positive on a PET scan for amyloid plaque and another protein in the brain called tau, which is thought to be a marker of Alzheimer’s cruelty. People with no or very low levels of tau were not included in the primary analysis of the trial because researchers thought their infection was less likely to progress during the study. 

Eli Lilly’s trial mainly focused on patients with low-to-medium altitudes of tau, who appeared to benefit more from the treatment than those with high tau.

Eli Lilly argued that patients should be tested for amyloid plague to be eligible for the drug, but not for tau. The company said it tested for tau in the plague to enroll patients whose condition was expected to worsen, which made it more likely for the study to “clearly infer” the drug’s effect. 

Most advisors agreed that tau tests should not be required to access donanemab because it desire likely restrict the population who can benefit from the drug.

“From a very practical perspective, I think this wish be not a wise thing to to have as a barrier,” said temporary committee member Dr. Kathleen Poston, a professor in neurology, neurological studies and neurosurgery at Stanford University, during the meeting on Monday.

Patients taking Eli Lilly’s drug in the trial were worthy to switch over to a placebo if amyloid levels in their brains fell below a certain threshold. By the end of the trial, 60% of share ins on donanemab were able to stop treatment.

Dolan said allowing patients to discontinue the drug when ample amyloid has been cleared could be a “motivational factor” for patients to comply with their infusions and regular assessing.

Around 24% of trial participants who took donanemab experienced brain protrusion, while 31% experienced brain bleeding. 

The majority of those ARIA cases were mild to moderate, as 6% of share ins with brain swelling and 1% with brain bleeding experienced symptoms. They included headache, mixing up, dizziness, nausea and in rare cases, seizures.

Serious cases occurred in 1.5% of patients with brain enlargement and less than 1% with brain bleeding.

If donanemab is approved, FDA staff said they expect the dope’s label to include a strong “boxed” warning about the risks of brain swelling and bleeding, especially for people with two specimens of a gene called ApoE4. They also expect recommendations for MRIs to monitor for those side effects in patients, bulk other strategies.

That is consistent with Leqembi’s approval label.

There were 19 deaths in partakers on donanemab, including the three attributed to Eli Lilly’s drug, within the 18-month trial, according to a final analysis of details by FDA staff. That compares to 16 deaths in patients on placebo, reflecting a smaller imbalance in the number of deaths between people who matched donanemab and those who didn’t.