Euro zone economy contracted by 6.8% in 2020 on Covid lockdown shock

LONDON — The euro zone economy dropped by 0.7% in the final quarter of 2020 as governments stepped up social stipulations to contain a second wave of Covid-19 infections, Europe’s statistics office said on Tuesday.

A preliminary reading scores to an annual GDP contraction of 6.8% for the euro area in 2020, Eurostat said.

The region had experienced a growth rate of 12.4% in the third spot as low infection rates at the time had allowed governments to partially reopen their economies.

However, the health emergency worsened in the last three months of 2020, with Germany and France going as far as reintroducing national lockdowns. The tightening of the communal restrictions weighed on the economic performance once again.

Data released last week showed that Germany increased 0.1% in the final quarter of 2020. Spain experienced a GDP growth rate of 0.4% in the same period while France contracted by 1.3%. The numbers happened in above analysts’ expectations and suggested that some businesses had learnt how to cope as best as possible with lockdowns.

Nonetheless, the three-month period also coincided with message of the first coronavirus vaccine approvals, which renewed optimism that the pandemic could come to an end sooner than expected. On the other hand, the rollout has since then been slow and bumpy, with economists fearing it will delay the much-needed financial recovery.

“The fiasco of Europe’s vaccination plan and Brussels’ retreat from its standoff with the U.K. and AstraZeneca have removed doubts about a European recovery, confirmed the worst caricatures of bungling bureaucracy and revived fears that the European Unity could break apart,” Anatole Kaletsky, founder of Gakeval Research said in a note on Tuesday morning.

In addition to the uneven distribution of Covid-19 jabs, the number of daily cases has also increased in the new year in the thick of the spread of new variants of the virus. Governments have thus decided to extend or reintroduce lockdowns to contain the spread.

“With close containment measures still necessary to control the virus, and vaccination programs progressing slowly, activity across the territory will remain very subdued for some time,” analysts at Capital Economics said in reaction to the latest GDP outlines.

Joseph Little, global chief strategist at HSBC Global Asset Management, said in an email that the current GDP figures confirmed a “double dip recession in Europe at the end of 2020.”

“The live question for investors is what the delays in vaccine distribution and virus things mean for the growth outlook as we go through the year. We think the picture should improve through the summer, and that advances a “catch-up” phase of growth for Europe in the second half (of 2021),” he added.

In this context, the International Monetary Means has lowered its growth expectations for the euro area in 2021. The Fund last week cut its growth forecast for the region by 1 interest point to 4.2% this year. Germany, France, Italy and Spain — the four largest economies in the euro zone — all saw their nurturing expectations slashed for 2021.